- MySQL 5.1 Reference Manual :: 16 Replication :: 16.1 Replication Configuration :: 16.1.2 Replication Formats
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- MySQL 5.1 Reference Manual
- Preface, Notes, Licenses
- 1 General Information
- 2 Installing and Upgrading MySQL
- 3 Tutorial
- 4 MySQL Programs
- 5 MySQL Server Administration
- 6 Backup and Recovery
- 7 Optimization
- 8 Language Structure
- 9 Internationalization and Localization
- 10 Data Types
- 11 Functions and Operators
- 12 SQL Statement Syntax
- 13 Storage Engines
- 14 High Availability and Scalability
- 15 MySQL Enterprise Monitor
- 16 Replication
- 17 MySQL Cluster NDB 6.X/7.X
- 18 Partitioning
- 19 Stored Programs and Views
- 20 INFORMATION_SCHEMA Tables
- 21 Connectors and APIs
- 22 Extending MySQL
- A MySQL 5.1 Frequently Asked Questions
- B Errors, Error Codes, and Common Problems
- C MySQL Change History
- D Restrictions and Limits
- Index
- Standard Index
- C Function Index
- Command Index
- Function Index
- INFORMATION_SCHEMA Index
- Transaction Isolation Level Index
- JOIN Types Index
- Operator Index
- Option Index
- Privileges Index
- SQL Modes Index
- Status Variable Index
- Statement/Syntax Index
- System Variable Index
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Replication works because events written to the binary log are read from the master and then processed on the slave. The events are recorded within the binary log in different formats according to the type of event. The different replication formats used correspond to the binary logging format used when the events were recorded in the master's binary log. The correlation between binary logging formats and the terms used during replication are:
Replication capabilities in MySQL originally were based on propagation of SQL statements from master to slave. This is called statement-based replication (often abbreviated as SBR), which corresponds to the standard statement-based binary logging format. In MySQL 5.1.4 and earlier, binary logging and replication used this format exclusively.
Row-based binary logging logs changes in individual table rows. When used with MySQL replication, this is known as row-based replication (often abbreviated as RBR). In row-based replication, the master writes events to the binary log that indicate how individual table rows are changed.
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As of MySQL 5.1.8, the server can change the binary logging format in real time according to the type of event using mixed-format logging.
When the mixed format is in effect, statement-based logging is used by default, but automatically switches to row-based logging in particular cases as described later. Replication using the mixed format is often referred to as mixed-based replication or mixed-format replication. For more information, see Section 5.2.4.3, “Mixed Binary Logging Format”.
From MySQL 5.1.12 to MySQL 5.1.28, mixed format is the default. Beginning with MySQL 5.1.29, statement-based format is the default.
Note
MySQL Cluster. The default binary logging format in all MySQL Cluster NDB 6.1, 6.2, 6.3, and later 6.x releases is
ROW. MySQL Cluster Replication always uses row-based replication, and theNDBCLUSTERstorage engine is incompatible with statement-based replication. UsingNDBCLUSTERsets row-based logging format automatically.See Section 17.6.2, “MySQL Cluster Replication: Assumptions and General Requirements”, for more information.
Starting with MySQL 5.1.20, when using
MIXEDformat, the binary logging format is determined in part by the storage engine being used and the statement being executed. For more information on mixed-format logging and the rules governing the support of different logging formats, see Section 5.2.4.3, “Mixed Binary Logging Format”.The logging format in a running MySQL server is controlled by setting the
binlog_formatserver system variable. This variable can be set with session or global scope. The rules governing when and how the new setting takes effect are the same as for other MySQL server system variables—setting the variable for the current session lasts only until the end of that session, and the change is not visible to other sessions; setting the variable globally requires a restart of the server in order to take effect. For more information, see Section 12.4.4, “SETSyntax”.You must have the
SUPERprivilege to set the globalbinlog_formatvalue. Starting with MySQL 5.1.29, you must have theSUPERprivilege to set either the global or sessionbinlog_formatvalue. (Bug#39106)The statement-based and row-based replication formats have different issues and limitations. For a comparison of their relative advantages and disadvantages, see Section 16.1.2.1, “Comparison of Statement-Based and Row-Based Replication”.
With statement-based replication, you may encounter issues with replicating stored routines or triggers. You can avoid these issues by using row-based replication instead. For more information, see Section 19.7, “Binary Logging of Stored Programs”.